Category Archives: Inspired Message

Peter writes his first inspired letter to followers of Christ who are suffering persecution. In the face of suffering or persecution it is always a good idea to try to understand why it is occurring. Peter addresses this question in chapter 3, verse 13 where he writes, “Now who is he who will harm you, if you become imitators of that which is good?” This raises the possibility that at least some of the people to whom Peter is writing were not being persecuted merely because they were Christians, but also because they might have been involved in doing wrong, or because they were deliberately provoking the authorities. This becomes even more clear when we realize that this translation uses the phrase ‘ imitators of’ for the Greek word ‘Zealots.’ A more literal translation of Peter’s words would be, “And who will harm you if you are Zealots in doing good?” But who were the Zealots? They were a group of radical extremists who were dedicated to obtaining the independence of the Jewish people from Roman rule. In A.D. 66 they began the revolt against Rome which culminated in the destruction of Jerusalem in A.D. 70. It is worth noting that one of Jesus’ Apostles, that is Simon the Zealot, was a member of this sect before becoming a follower of Jesus. Jesus transformed him from a man of violence who was willing to die for his political convictions into a man of peace who was later martyred while spreading Jesus’ message of love, forgiveness and reconciliation. Every person who claims to be a follower of Jesus should ask himself whether he has allowed Christ to transform him in this way or not. What is most important to us? Are we fanatical about our political convictions, or are we fanatical about doing good? In chapter 2, verses 13 through 17 Peter had already told his readers that they must respectfully submit to governmental authority and honor the king. Here in chapter 3, verse 13 he urges the followers of Christ to make sure that their suffering does not result from their own inappropriate actions.

But not all suffering results from wrongdoing. Many are persecuted in spite of doing good. Does this mean that God has forgotten them, or is angry with them? No, not at all! Peter points out that the follower of Christ is blessed even under unjust suffering. In verse 14 he writes, “But even if you should suffer for righteousness’ sake, you are blessed…” This recalls the words that Jesus spoke in the sermon on the mount: “Blessed are those who have been persecuted for righteousness’ sake, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven. “Blessed are you when people reproach you, persecute you, and say all kinds of evil against you falsely, for my sake. Rejoice, and be exceedingly glad, for great is your reward in heaven. For that is how they persecuted the prophets who were before you.” (Matthew 5:10-12)

When people have suffered persecution it is easy for them to listen to rumors and to believe that everyone is conspiring against them. But Peter writes, “Don’t fear what they fear, neither be troubled.” This is a quotation of part of verse 12 from Isaiah chapter 8. If we are to take the whole of verse 12 it reads: “Don’t say, ‘A conspiracy!’ concerning all about which this people say, ‘A conspiracy!’ neither fear their threats, nor be terrorized.” From this we learn that our fears are often baseless. Events which bring harm are not always part of an overall plan or conspiracy to destroy the followers of Christ.

But it is one thing to say that we should not fear and another to actually cease fearing. What is the secret of overcoming fear of suffering for our faith? Both Isaiah and Peter provide the answer: In verse 13 Isaiah writes, “Yahweh [that is, Lord] of Armies is who you must respect as holy. He is the one you must fear. He is the one you must dread.” Peter writes in verse 15, “But in your hearts set apart Christ as Lord…” (NIV) From these verses we can learn at least two things. The first lesson is that the more we fill our hearts with Christ, the less we will fear the future or what people will try to do to us. The second lesson is that when we compare these two passages together we see that another name for Christ is the Lord of Armies. Christ himself will fight against those who seek to harm His followers.

There is another reason for the follower of Jesus to “set apart Christ as Lord” in their hearts. In the second part of verse 15 Peter writes “…and always be ready to give an answer to everyone who asks you a reason concerning the hope that is in you, with humility and fear…” It is only when the Christian’s heart is fully given to his Lord that he will be able to answer the questions that are put to him about his faith. The word that Peter uses that is translated “give an answer” means to give a verbal defense. This word is used several times in the New Testament. In several cases it refers to not merely answering the questions of an individual but to defending oneself in a court trial. For example Jesus told his disciples, “When they bring you before the synagogues, the rulers, and the authorities, don’t be anxious how or what you will answer, or what you will say; for the Holy Spirit will teach you in that same hour what you must say.” (Luke 12:11-12) In chapter 1, verses 10 through 12 Peter calls the Holy Spirit the ‘Spirit of Christ.’ Jesus Himself is the defender of those who have “set apart Christ as Lord” in their hearts.

This translation says that the followers of Jesus are to answer their critics with fear. But how can this be since Peter has already quoted from the prophet Isaiah to establish the fact that Christians should not fear? If Peter is referring to the attitude we should have toward God, then fear in the sense of reverence is an appropriate translation. On the other hand, it is more likely that Peter is referring to the attitude a follower of Christ should have toward his questioners. In that case it would be more appropriate to translate Peter’s words “with humility and respect”. For Peter goes on to say in verse 16, “having a good conscience; that, while you are spoken against as evildoers, they may be disappointed who curse your good way of life in Christ.” The follower of Christ is not to answer his accusers with insolence, but is to allow his good behavior to refute the accusations made against him. The object is not to defeat the accusers, but if possible to win them over so that they too may experience Christ’s love and forgiveness. As the Apostle Paul said when he was on trial before King Agrippa, “…I pray to God, that… not only you, but also all that hear me this day, might become such as I am, except for these bonds.” (Acts 26:29)

As people we often have trouble getting along with one another. We think differently. We have different likes and dislikes. We have different temperaments. And so, whenever we come into contact with other people there is the potential for trouble and conflict. The followers of Christ face the same problems and temptations as everyone else and sometimes it is difficult for them as well to get along with other people – even with other believers. But though it may be difficult, the goal of every Christian should be to live peaceably with everyone. In view of this the Apostle Peter gives instructions about proper behavior to both wives and husbands in chapter 3 of his first letter. If instructions about how to live with those in the family are necessary, they are even more necessary for getting along with fellow believers who are outside the immediate family. In verse 8 Peter writes, “Finally, be all like-minded, compassionate, loving as brothers, tenderhearted, courteous,”

Does the phrase “like minded” mean that the followers of Christ are to be exactly alike? Are they supposed to suppress their individuality? Not at all. For in chapter 4 Peter goes on to say that God has given the followers of Jesus different spiritual gifts. Not everyone has the same gift, and the different gifts are used in various ways in God’s service. From this we see that following Jesus does not destroy individuality but that our different personalities are united towards achieving the same goal. What then does Peter mean when he urges his readers to be “like minded?” From what he has already said in his letter, it is safe to say that Peter means that the followers of Christ should have the same view of Jesus, of sin and of the glorious future that awaits a Christian. When fellow believers are in agreement in these areas, then it is easier for them to get along with one another.

The rest of this verse needs little explanation. Everyone knows what it means to “compassionate, loving as brothers, tenderhearted, courteous.” The difficulty is not in understanding, but in doing what Peter says. But this raises another question. It is obvious that if every follower of Jesus followed Peter’s instructions there would be few opportunities for problems to arise. And those problems which did arise would soon be settled. But the followers of Christ are not perfect. They too, occasionally succumb to temptation. What then is the proper response when we have been wronged by a fellow believer? Peter answers this question when he writes in verse 9, “not rendering evil for evil, or insult for insult; but instead blessing; knowing that to this were you called, that you may inherit a blessing.”

This is not an easy thing to do. It is natural to want revenge and to take justice into our own hands. Are we willing to put our feelings aside and obey? Many say that they are ready to lay down their very lives for Christ, yet are not willing to follow this instruction that Christ has given through Peter. While being willing to sacrifice our lives for Christ is commendable, what He really wants is an obedient heart. As Samuel the prophet said to king Saul, “Does the Lord delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices as much as in obeying the voice of the Lord? To obey is better than sacrifice, and to heed is better than the fat of rams. For rebellion is like the sin of divination, and arrogance like the evil of idolatry…” (1 Samuel 15:22-23 NIV) When we refuse to follow Peter’s instructions we are not acting out of love for God, but out of pride.

Peter writes that the reason the followers of Christ should give blessing in return for insult is that they have been ‘called’ to inherit a blessing. This is the fourth time that Peter has said that the followers of Christ have been called. (1:16, 2:9, 2:21) This is a reminder that it was not us who reached out to God, but that it was God who initiated our salvation. As the apostle John wrote, “In this is love, not that we loved God, but that he loved us, and sent his Son as the atoning sacrifice for our sins.” (1 John 4:10) In the same way the followers of Christ should reach out in love to those who insult them.

Peter’s words also remind us of the promise that God made to Abraham, “I will make of you a great nation. I will bless you and make your name great. You will be a blessing.” (Genesis 12:2) It is appropriate that those who have the same faith in God as Abraham, and who share in the promises God made to Abraham, should also be a blessing.

Peter reinforces his instructions to the followers of Christ that they should live in harmony with one another and answer insult with blessing by quoting from Psalm 34, verses 12 through 16: “For, “He who would love life, and see good days, let him keep his tongue from evil, and his lips from speaking deceit. Let him turn away from evil, and do good. Let him seek peace, and pursue it. For the eyes of the Lord are on the righteous, and his ears open to their prayer; but the face of the Lord is against those who do evil.”” (1 Peter 3:10-12)

This passage puts Peter’s command into perspective. It first describes a goal that we all want, that is to love life and see good days. It next gives three specific actions that we must do in order to achieve this goal. They are to keep our tongues from evil, our lips from deceitful speech, and to turn from evil and do good. It is worth noting that the phrase “turn away from evil and do good” is the biblical definition of repentance. The motive for doing these things is to seek peace. Then, the attitude with which we should do this is mentioned: that is our attitude should be one of righteousness. And, finally, this results in God being attentive to the prayers of the follower of Christ who obeys Peter’s command from the heart. In chapter 3, verse 7 Peter had indicated that the prayers of a Christian husband would be hindered if he failed to treat his wife respectfully. Here we see that being out of harmony with or treating another believer badly will also hinder the prayers of a follower of Christ. Every follower of Christ must make a choice. When we are treated badly by another believer will we take matters into our own hands and so cut ourselves off from receiving the answers to our prayers? Or will we humbly obey Peter’s instruction to repay insult with blessing and enjoy God’s blessing as a result?

If a person merely says he believes something but that faith does not govern his actions, then his words are meaningless. When the standards of society are in harmony with ideals of our religion, then it is easy for us to act consistently with what we say we believe. But the real test of faith is whether we are willing to defy the standards of society in order to be obedient to the will of God. We should show our faith not only in how we act towards those in society, but especially in how we treat our families. The manner in which the followers of Jesus should treat family members is one of the things that distinguishes Christianity from all other religions. And it is different from the standards of society. As the Apostle Peter points out, there are two principles of conduct which should govern all of our actions. The first is to abstain from evil, and the second is to do good. But Peter does not leave it there. He goes on to apply these principles to specific areas of our every-day lives. In writing to husbands the he says: “You husbands, in the same way, live with your wives according to knowledge, giving honor to the woman, as to the weaker vessel, as being also joint heirs of the grace of life; that your prayers may not be hindered.” (1 Peter 3:7)

“…husbands, in the same way…” In the same way as what? To answer this question it is necessary to look at the context of Peter’s instruction. After giving the general rules of Christian conduct in chapter 2, verses 11 and 12, Peter writes about what our attitude toward government should be, how household servants should behave towards their masters, the example of Jesus and the conduct of wives. In each case Peter emphasizes the need of submission. So, when Peter tells husbands to act in the same way, he is instructing them to be submissive. This is not always easy. A man may have to face ridicule and scorn for obeying Peter’s instructions. But the motive for submission in all the examples Peter gives, is a reverential fear of God. A husband who is truly a follower of Christ will submit to God’s standards in spite of pressure from friends, relatives or society because his highest goal is to not do anything that would destroy his relationship with God.

When Peter refers to woman as the “weaker vessel” he is speaking primarily about wives. But it is not limited to them. A Christian husband’s attitude and behavior towards his wife should extend to all women.

In what way is a woman a “weaker vessel?” When Peter called women the weaker vessel he may have had in mind the order in which God created mankind, and the authority structure God has established. In speaking of this the Apostle Paul writes, “ For Adam was first formed, then Eve. Adam wasn’t deceived, but the woman, being deceived, has fallen into disobedience.” (1 Timothy 2:13-14) It is because woman was created after man, and because she was the first to sin that God has placed wives under the authority of their husbands. And so, it is possible to say that a woman is weaker because God has given her less authority.

A woman may also be the “weaker vessel” as a result of the instruction the Apostle Peter gives to wives in chapter 3, verse 1. There he tells wives to submit to their husbands. Any person who submits to someone else voluntarily puts themselves in a weaker position. So it follows that if a wife is obedient to God’s Word she will give her own will a lower place than her husband’s.

But it is most likely that when Peter uses the term “weaker vessel” for women, it is not so much a comment about women, but rather a comment about how men view women. The clue to this interpretation is that Peter says that husbands are to live with their wives “ according to knowledge”. During and after the time of the writing of this letter, there were many philosophers and religious sects which claimed to have special knowledge, beyond what was revealed to the apostles. They called themselves the ‘knowing ones.’ These people regarded all matter as evil and, in particular, they regarded women as lower than themselves and unclean. This philosophical position in turn caused them to despise and suppress women.

This is an area in which Christianity is very beautiful when contrasted to the standards of the world. Are women ‘weaker vessels?’ Then, instead of despising their wives for their weakness, Peter makes it very clear that the followers of Christ are to show them respect. Strength is not the same as worth. God often chooses the weak to do his work over those who consider themselves strong. As God said to the apostle Paul, “…my power is made perfect in weakness…” (2 Corinthians 12:9)

Peter also points out that, before God, wives are of equal value as their husbands. In God’s eyes the wife is not ‘lower’ than her husband, and the husband is not ‘higher’ than his wife. They are both joint heirs of life. And this life is a gift. It is not something the husband has by right while his wife does not. He needs the gift of life just as much as she does. It is only by God’s grace that either of them have life. Husband and wife are to serve God side by side.

Our attitude towards our wives and other women affects much more than just our home life. Peter says that if we do not respect our wives, if we will not treat women as fellow heirs of the gift of life, then our prayers will be hindered. Do we feel at times that it is difficult to pray? Does it seem sometimes that God is far away and does not listen to our prayers? Whenever we begin to feel this way, we should take a look at how we are treating our wives. It may be that God will not listen to us because we refuse to grant our wives the same honor and respect which God gives them. Each one of us needs to ask ourselves, do we honor our wives? Do we treat them with respect? Do we acknowledge that our wives are as precious to God as we are, or do we try to put them down?

It is very easy for us humans to find fault and to criticize someone else’s family. It is harder for us to take an honest look at our own. The fact is that all of us who follow Jesus need to make sure that we are treating our families in a way that pleases God. After saying that servants should respectfully submit to their masters, the Apostle Peter in the first 6 verses of chapter 3 of his first letter, writes these words to wives: “In the same way, wives, be in subjection to your own husbands; so that, even if any don’t obey the Word, they may be won by the behavior of their wives without a word; seeing your pure behavior in fear. Let your beauty be not just the outward adorning of braiding the hair, and of wearing jewels of gold, or of putting on fine clothing; but in the hidden person of the heart, in the incorruptible adornment of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is in the sight of God very precious. For this is how the holy women before, who hoped in God also adorned themselves, being in subjection to their own husbands: as Sarah obeyed Abraham, calling him lord, whose children you now are, if you do well, and are not put in fear by any terror.”

In this passage Peter gives two goals for which every Christian wife should strive. The first is to win her husband. In an ideal world, every husband would be a committed follower of Christ and would be the spiritual leader of his home. But the sad truth is that even among those who wear the name of Christ, many husbands are unbelievers. In these circumstances it falls to the wife to provide spiritual direction in the family. But how can this be done? How can a wife turn her husband’s heart toward God? Peter clearly says that she cannot do it with words. No man likes to be lectured, particularly by his wife. When a man’s pride is involved he will often turn away from what he knows is right rather than admit that he is wrong. If a woman is to win her husband she must do it by her actions and her example. This takes a great deal of humility but the Christian wife should always keep in mind what her object is. Her purpose is not to prove her husband wrong or to tear him down, but to save him. In order to do this a Christian wife will be submissive. In verse 6 Peter uses the example of Sarah to illustrate what this means. A submissive wife will obey her husband. In this way she shows that she respects his judgment and gives more value to his desires than to her own. Also, though she might not call her husband “lord” as Sarah did, she will show by her attitude and actions that she recognizes the authority God has given to her husband as the head of the household.

Another thing a Christian wife will do in order to turn her husband toward God is to live a pure life. It will achieve nothing for a wife to tell her husband that he should live a holy life if she is unwilling to do so herself. Purity also brings contentment and when a husband sees it in his wife he will begin to wonder how he can share in that contentment.

The second goal that every Christian wife should have is to develop her inner self. To make this point Peter contrasts two standards of beauty. One type of beauty comes from external things such as clothing, jewelry and hair style. This type of beauty appeals to man’s physical desires but if this is the only kind of beauty a woman has, it will soon fade. Then, when her physical beauty is gone, the attraction her husband felt for her will be gone as well. But Peter says that there is a kind of beauty that does not fade. This beauty has its origin in a woman’s character and attitudes. This inner beauty transforms the entire person. The woman who has it will be attractive no matter how she looks physically or what she wears.

Here it would be good to dispel a misunderstanding. Some people have the idea that Peter forbids the wearing of jewelry or nice clothing. This is not true. Adornment is wrong only when it takes precedence over the godly inner qualities which produce true beauty. What Peter is saying is that women should be beautiful because of who they are rather than because of what they wear. Clothing and adornment should never be a substitute for character.

Another misunderstanding that some people have is that by saying a woman should have a gentle and quiet spirit Peter means that she is supposed to be somber, mirthless and dull. Nothing could be farther from the truth. In fact, women who are truly godly are filled with joy, love, hope and confidence. In the first chapter of this very letter Peter writes that the followers of Christ are filled “…joy unspeakable and full of glory…” (1 Peter 1:8) The Apostle Paul writes, “…the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faith, gentleness, and self-control….” (Galatians 5:22-23) It is these inner qualities that should be the most noticeable characteristic of a Christian wife. It is these inner qualities which make her beautiful and which will attract her husband and draw him to God.

This passage contains one more difficulty that should be cleared up. In verse 2 where Peter is explaining how husbands will be brought to God, this translation says, “…seeing your pure behavior in fear…” But in verse 6 Peter instructs wives to, “… not [be] put in fear by any terror…” While this is a good literal translation it does cause some confusion. Why would Peter tell wives not to fear and at the same time say that it is their fear which will win over their husbands? The key to understanding this is to realize that the word Peter uses can have different connotations. It seems clear that in verse 6 Peter is telling wives not to be afraid of their husbands or of having to suffer because of living holy lives. In verse two it seems that Peter is speaking of the relationship the wife has with God. If this is so, then Peter is saying that a Christian wife will display a reverential fear for God rather than dread. Also keep in mind that in chapter 1, verse 17 Peter writes that all of the followers of Christ should live their lives in fear. And, as we saw, the scripture says, “To fear the LORD is to hate evil…” (Proverbs 8:13 NIV) This passion in his wife to renounce evil and to do what is right will cause an unbelieving husband to seek God.

Our religion should be more than just giving lip-service to a set of beliefs. Our actions in the course of everyday life should be proof of the things we say we believe. In view of this, how should a Christian servant act towards his employer? The Apostle Peter answers this question when he writes, “Servants, be in subjection to your masters with all fear; not only to the good and gentle, but also to the wicked. For it is commendable if someone endures pain, suffering unjustly, because of conscience toward God. For what glory is it if, when you sin, you patiently endure beating? But if, when you do well, you patiently endure suffering, this is commendable with God.” (1 Peter 2:18-20)

This translation says that servants should submit to their masters with fear. But the Greek word that Peter uses has several meanings. Here it cannot mean fear because Jesus instructed his followers not to fear men. He said, “I tell you, my friends, don’t be afraid of those who kill the body, and after that have no more that they can do. But I will warn you whom you should fear. Fear him, who after he has killed, has power to cast into Gehenna. [that is, hell] Yes, I tell you, fear him.” (Luke 12:4-5) In view of this, what Peter is saying is that servants should serve their masters with respect or reverence rather than fear.

But some of the masters Peter mentions were cruel and abusive. In such circumstances why should a servant put up with it? Why not leave and take a different job? The answer is that the word Peter uses for servant indicates that at least some of them were slaves. It was impossible for them to leave their situation. But even if a person is not a slave it still may not be possible for him to leave a job where he is abused and mistreated because of economic or other adverse conditions.

Peter gives at least three reasons why a follower of Christ should respectfully submit to an abusive master. The first reason for respectful submission is that a Christian is conscious of God (verse 19). What this means is that a follower of Jesus always keeps in mind who his real master is. Even though he is under the authority of an earthly master, his real master is God. Peter had already instructed his readers in verse 16 to live, “…as bondservants of God.” When a Christian serves he is not merely working for another person, but for God. This agrees with what the Apostle Paul writes about our service to earthly masters. He says, “not in the way of service only when eyes are on you, as men pleasers; but as servants of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart; with good will doing service, as to the Lord, and not to men; knowing that whatever good thing each one does, he will receive the same again from the Lord, whether he is bound or free.” (Ephesians 6:6-8) If we can regard our work as service to God, it will be much easier to endure wrong treatment.

Another reason Peter gives for respectfully submitting to an abusive master is that this is commendable with God. To endure unjust suffering is really an act of faith. Instead of trying to get justice by taking revenge by ourselves, we place ourselves in God’s hands. He is the judge, and when we respectfully submit to injustice we are acknowledging that He will do justice.

A third reason to endure unjust suffering at the hands of an abusive master is that when we do so we are following the example of Jesus. In verses 21 through 23 Peter writes, “For to this you were called, because Christ also suffered for us, leaving you an example, that you should follow his steps, who did not sin, “neither was deceit found in his mouth.” Who, when he was cursed, didn’t curse back. When he suffered, didn’t threaten, but committed himself to him who judges righteously.”

Peter says that the Christian servant has been called. Called to what? There are several answers given in Scripture to this question. But all of them can be summarized by saying that God has called each Christian to be like Christ. As it is written, “We know that all things work together for good for those who love God, to those who are called according to his purpose. For whom he foreknew, he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brothers. Whom he predestined, those he also called…” (Romans 8:28-30) In view of this we can say that while a Christian servant has not been called for the purpose of suffering, he has been called to respond like Jesus when unjust suffering occurs.

We tend to think that if someone suffers they must have done something to deserve it. But Peter reminds us that this is not always the case. Jesus suffered more than most of us will ever have to, yet Peter quotes the prophet Isaiah to establish the fact that Jesus was without sin. If we should have to suffer unjustly can we follow Jesus’ example of entrusting ourselves to God who will judge justly?

In chapter 1, verse 19 Peter referred to Jesus as a sacrificial lamb. But in chapter 2, verses 24 and 25 Peter changes the picture. He writes, “who his own self bore our sins in his body on the tree, that we, having died to sins, might live to righteousness; by whose stripes you were healed. For you were going astray like sheep; but now have returned to the Shepherd and Overseer of your souls.” With these words Peter brings to mind what Jesus said about himself, “I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep… I am the good shepherd. I know my own, and I’m known by my own… Therefore the Father loves me, because I lay down my life, that I may take it again.” (John 10:11-17) The reason the followers of Jesus, that is His sheep, can face unjust suffering with confidence is that their shepherd knows their situation and has demonstrated His ability to safely guide them through it.

In chapter 2, verses 11 and 12 of his first letter the Apostle Peter gives two principles that should govern Christian behavior. These principles are to abstain from sinful desires, and to live good lives. But it is one thing to give principles and quite another to put them into practice. How do these principles actually apply to our daily lives? In the rest of his letter Peter gives several practical examples of how the followers of Christ should conduct themselves. He begins with how the Christian should act towards the government. In chapter 2, verses 13 through 17 he writes: “Therefore subject yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord’s sake: whether to the king, as supreme; or to governors, as sent by him for vengeance on evildoers and for praise to those who do well. For this is the will of God, that by well-doing you should put to silence the ignorance of foolish men: as free, and not using your freedom for a cloak of wickedness, but as bondservants of God. Honor all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honor the king.”

Peter writes that the purpose of government is “for vengeance on evildoers and for praise to those who do well” (NIV, “to punish those who do wrong and to commend those who do right”). But who gives government the authority to do this? Before discussing what the relationship of the followers of Jesus to government should be, it is important to understand the answer to this question. The Apostle Paul clearly writes, “…there is no authority except from God, and those who exist are ordained by God.” (Romans 13:1) And it is for this reason that Peter instructs the followers of Jesus to submit to government. Since it is the function of government to punish wrong and reward good, and since Peter has already established that the follower of Jesus should live a holy and righteous life, the Christian should have no reason to be afraid of government.

Peter says that a follower of Christ should submit to government “for the Lord’s sake.” Even if a ruler or a government is not worthy of respect, the Christian is still to submit because government has received its authority from God. The Apostle Paul writes, “Therefore he who resists the authority, withstands the ordinance of God; and those who withstand will receive to themselves judgment. For rulers are not a terror to the good work, but to the evil. Do you desire to have no fear of the authority? Do that which is good, and you will have praise from the same,” (Romans 13:2-3)

But this raises another question. What should the follower of Christ do if a ruler or government abuses its God given authority and power? Throughout history there have been governments and authorities that have even persecuted Christians. What should a follower of Jesus do then? Peter forcefully says that it is God’s will for the Christian to do good. This is the only option a Christian has if he is to be pleasing to God. Some think that if disrespect is shown to them that they, in turn, have the right to be disrespectful; that abuse should be repaid with abuse, and violence with violence. But this kind of behavior has no place in the life of a follower of Jesus. Peter writes that it is by doing good that the ignorant talk of foolish men will be silenced, not by disrespect, hatred or violence. We all need to examine our own actions to see whether we are following God’s will in this matter.

Peter does not specify who he means when he mentions foolish men. But it really doesn’t matter who they are. Their ignorant talk will be silenced by the good that Christians do. Are these foolish men making accusations against the followers of Jesus to the government? If so, it is the responsibility of Christians to disprove the accusation by doing good. Are these foolish men in the government? Even if they are, the Christian must still reply to their foolishness by doing good.

How far should submission to government go? When Peter instructs the followers of Jesus to live “as free” he is clearly saying that they are not slaves of the state. And, in chapter 2, verse 9 he had already said that Christ’s followers are “…a holy nation, a people for God’s own possession…” The implications are clear. The ultimate loyalty of a Christian belongs to God and not to the state. Some might say that since God has appointed or established government that the government can require people to do anything it wishes. But, a government has no right to ask a Christian to do anything that is contrary to God’s will. Should a ruler or a government do so, then the Christian must respectfully refuse.

Just as a government has an obligation not to require anything of a Christian that is in violation of God’s principles, so too the followers of Jesus also have an obligation. Peter writes that they are not to use their freedom as an excuse to do evil. A Christian is to do good regardless of whether the government is good or bad, whether it is wise or foolish, whether it works for the good of Christians or whether it persecutes them.

Though the followers of Christ are free men, Peter says that they are bond-servants of God. They are God’s slaves for at least two reasons. The first is that God has purchased them with Christ’s blood as Peter reminds us in chapter 1, verses 17 through 19. The second reason that a Christian is a slave of God is that Jesus has bound the Christian to himself with cords of love. As Peter wrote in chapter 1, verse 8, “whom not having known you love…” God has enslaved us by his love. And it is this relationship of love for God that motivates a Christian to act in an appropriate way towards others. It is our love for God that will enable us to do what Peter instructs in verse 17, “Honor all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honor the king.” The word Peter uses when he says we should “fear” God carries the idea of reverence.

The Apostle Peter writes his first inspired letter to people who have had to suffer as a result of following Jesus Christ. From the beginning of his letter through chapter 2, verse 10 Peter has encouraged and reassured his readers that the salvation they have received as a result of their faith in Jesus is extremely valuable and that God has given them a very high and honorable position. But the true test of belief is whether we are willing to make changes in the way we live as a result of our beliefs. The person who truly believes in and follows Jesus will have a very different life-style and attitude from the person who does not. Peter gives two principles which should govern Christian behavior in all circumstances. The first is found in chapter 2, verse 11 where he writes, “Beloved, I beg you as foreigners and pilgrims, to abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul;”

The first principle, then, that should govern Christian behavior is to abstain from “fleshly lusts” (NIV, “sinful desires”). What is Peter’s motive for giving such a command? Does he merely wish to prevent people from enjoying themselves? This is not the case at all. Peter addresses those to whom he is writing this command as “beloved.” But this translation does not convey the full meaning of what Peter is saying. The root of the word that Peter uses is the same as the word he used in chapter 1, verse 22 when he instructed the followers of Jesus to love one another with the same kind of love that God has. It is because Peter himself has God’s love for the readers of this letter that he exhorts them to abstain from sinful desires. His purpose is not to prevent people from enjoying themselves, but for them to do what is best for their own well-being.

As the basis for his command Peter points out that the followers of Jesus are “foreigners and pilgrims” (NIV “aliens and strangers”). Peter had already addressed the people he is writing to as foreigners in chapter 1, verse 1. This is a reminder that the followers of Jesus have a heavenly or spiritual home and do not belong to this world. But here Peter uses an even stronger word – alien. For the Christian this world is like a foreign country. While he lives in the world, he does not have citizenship in it. As Peter has already pointed out in chapter 2, verses 9 and 10 the follower of Jesus are a people belonging to God. Just as the culture, customs and traditions in one country are different from those in another, so too the culture, customs and traditions of the heavenly kingdom of Christ are different than those of the world. By urging the followers of Jesus to abstain from sinful desires Peter is telling them to remain true to their own country.

A sinful desire is any desire which if yielded to will cause us to sin . It is worth noting that Peter is not speaking about merely abstaining from sinful acts, but also from the thoughts and attitudes that produce the acts. The Apostle Paul gives a list of some of these acts and attitudes when he writes, “Now the works of the flesh are obvious, which are: adultery, sexual immorality, uncleanness, lustfulness, idolatry, sorcery, hatred, strife, jealousies, outbursts of anger, rivalries, divisions, heresies, envyings, murders, drunkenness, orgies, and things like these…” (Galatians 5:19-21)

The reason that Peter gives for abstaining from sinful desires is that they war against the soul. The word that he uses pictures an encamped army. Sinful desires lay siege to our souls waiting for any opportunity to attack and destroy us. As followers of Jesus we must not give them that opportunity.

The second principle that Peter gives which should govern the actions of Christ’s followers is to live good lives. In chapter 2, verse 12 he writes, “having good behavior among the nations, so in that of which they speak against you as evildoers, they may by your good works, which they see, glorify God in the day of visitation.” To refrain from doing evil is not enough. To be pleasing to God we must also actively do good. Jesus illustrated this truth this way: He said, “The unclean spirit, when he has gone out of the man, passes through dry places, seeking rest, and finding none, he says, ‘I will turn back to my house from which I came out.’ When he returns, he finds it swept and put in order. Then he goes, and takes seven other spirits more evil than himself, and they enter in and dwell there. The last state of that man becomes worse than the first.” (Luke 11:24-26)

The follower of Jesus is not to live an isolated life in the sense of living away from other people in the world. Peter makes it clear that our lives are to be among, and our conduct is to be visible to the nations. But, our lives are to be different. In using the word ‘nations” Peter is drawing a direct contrast to the followers of Jesus whom he had called a holy nation in chapter 2, verse 9. The pagan nations are lost in darkness whereas God’s holy nation has been called into his wonderful light. And, it is because the followers of Jesus live in God’s light that their actions are visible. Jesus said, “You are the light of the world. A city located on a hill can’t be hidden. Neither do you light a lamp, and put it under a measuring basket, but on a stand; and it shines to all who are in the house. Even so, let your light shine before men; that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father who is in heaven.” (Matthew 5:14-16)

But being in the light carries a price. Peter says that the pagan nation will accuse the followers of Jesus of doing wrong. If the Christian continues to do good however, the pagan nations will, in the end, glorify God because of those deeds. It is important to understand that Peter is not referring to certain deeds that will earn merit. Instead, he is speaking of our conduct in everyday life. When people look at the way we live our lives are they motivated to glorify God?

When Peter writes of the day God visits he is reminding us that God is the ultimate judge. The word translated ‘visitation’ implies an inspection or investigation. The follower of Jesus may be accused of wrongdoing by the pagan nations, but it is God who will decide. And the pagan nations will glorify God when the followers of Jesus are vindicated.

In chapter 2 of his first letter Peter has described the followers of Jesus as living stones which are being built into a spiritual temple, that is the church. Jesus himself is the chief cornerstone upon which this temple is built. Peter continues his discussion of the cornerstone in verses 7 through 8. He writes, “For you who believe therefore is the honor, [“this stone is precious”, NIV] but for those who are disobedient, “The stone which the builders rejected, has become the chief cornerstone,” and, “a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offense.” For they stumble at the word, being disobedient, to which also they were appointed.”

Those who believe and those who do not believe view the cornerstone, that is Jesus, very differently. Those who believe regard the cornerstone as being of surpassing value. Those who do not believe regard him as a usurper. It is important to recognize that our view of Jesus is no reflection on Him, but rather a statement about the condition of our own hearts. Just as gold remains gold even though someone may mistake it for brass, Jesus retains His position and honor whether we believe in Him or not. But while our actions can never diminish the glory that God has given Jesus, they have a profound effect on our own destiny. Peter quotes from the prophet Isaiah to make the point that if we will not accept Jesus as our savior, He will be the means of our destruction. Jesus himself said, “Therefore I tell you, the Kingdom of God will be taken away from you, and will be given to a nation bringing forth its fruit. He who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces, but on whomever it will fall, it will scatter him as dust.” (Matthew 21:43-44) Peter makes it clear that those who stumble over the cornerstone, that is Jesus, do so because they disobey the message. But why do they disobey? It is because Jesus refuses to conform to man’s notions of what He ought to be. The Apostle Paul writes, “For Jews ask for signs, Greeks seek after wisdom, but we preach Christ crucified; a stumbling block to Jews, and foolishness to Greeks, but to those who are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ is the power of God and the wisdom of God. Because the foolishness of God is wiser than men, and the weakness of God is stronger than men.” (1 Corinthians 1:22-25)

It is important to understand that when Peter writes that this is “…to which also they were appointed” he is not saying that people are destined to disobey. Instead, once someone has chosen not to obey he is are destined to stumble. In chapter 1, verse 2 and again in chapter 2, verse 9 Peter tells the followers of Jesus that God has chosen them. They have been chosen from eternity because God has known from eternity that they would freely decide to follow Christ. The same principle applies here. God does not cause anyone to disobey. But since He has known from eternity those who will freely choose to disobey the message about Jesus, the cornerstone, God has, from eternity, destined them to stumble.

Peter next contrasts the followers of Jesus with those who do not believe in the cornerstone and who disobey the message. In verses 9 through 10 he writes, “But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for God’s own possession, that you may proclaim the excellence of him who called you out of darkness into his marvelous light: who in time past were no people, but now are God’s people, who had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy.”

The followers of Jesus have been chosen by God. But chosen for what? Peter gives the answer, “…that you may proclaim the excellence of him who called you…” All of us who call ourselves Christians need to ask ourselves whether the way we live our lives displays God’s ‘excellence.’ If not, then we need to ask ourselves if we are really among the chosen or whether we are merely wearing the name.

In chapter 2, verse 5 Peter called the followers of Jesus a holy priesthood which emphasizes the character that a Christian should have. But here in verse 9 he calls them a royal priesthood which stresses the allegiance that a Christian should have. The followers of Jesus have been selected to be royal priests of the King of Kings and Lord of Lords, Jesus Christ, and it is to Him that they owe their loyalty.

What does Peter mean when he says that those who follow Jesus are a holy nation? People say that such and such countries are Christian nations. But when one studies the Bible it becomes apparent that Christ’s kingdom cannot be an earthly kingdom or country. The kingdom of Christ does not recognize any earthly boundaries. Jesus himself said, “…My kingdom is not of this world…” (John 18:36) Also, the basic meaning of the Greek word that Peter uses when he calls the nation ‘holy’ is ‘separated.’ What Peter is saying is that this nation is separated from the world and reserved for God’s use. Christ’s kingdom is a spiritual one.

In verses 9 and 10, Peter says two times that the followers of Jesus are God’s people. This is one reason that Christians are sometimes persecuted. For while the followers of Jesus are loyal and patriotic citizens, their ultimate loyalty is not to the state, but to God. As the Apostle Paul writes, “But our citizenship is in heaven…” (Philippians 3:20) And it is for this reason that the followers of Jesus are often viewed as being disloyal or even subversive because, if necessary, they will disobey the state in order to be obedient to God.

Peter writes that the followers of Jesus have been called out of darkness into God’s light. The Apostle Paul corroborates this when he writes, “…it is God who said, “Light will shine out of darkness,” who has shone in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.” (2 Corinthians 4:6)

Peter also tells the followers of Jesus that they have received mercy. It is only by following Jesus that we can receive God’s mercy. Mercy will not be shown to anyone who rejects Jesus.

The Bible records many names given to Jesus. These names are either titles of honor or are given to Him to describe some aspect of His personality or His position. In chapter one of his first letter, the Apostle Peter has referred to Jesus as the Christ, as Lord, and as a lamb. In chapter two, Peter calls Jesus “a living Stone.” In verses 4-6 he writes, “coming to him, a living stone, rejected indeed by men, but chosen by God, precious. You also, as living stones, are built up as a spiritual house, to be a holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God through Jesus Christ. Because it is contained in Scripture, “Behold, I lay in Zion a chief cornerstone, chosen, and precious: He who believes in him will not be disappointed.””

In order to understand what Peter means when he calls Jesus a “living stone” or a “cornerstone” we must first understand what he means when he says that the followers of Jesus are being built into a spiritual house. When we speak of a house, we usually mean one of two things. In one sense we use the word ‘house’ to refer to the members of a family. Secondly, we use the word house to describe the building where a family lives. Peter uses the word in both senses. In chapter one he called the followers of Jesus children of God and brothers. So, when Peter tells his readers that they are being built into a spiritual house he is reminding them that they are part of God’s family. This is in agreement with other Scriptures. For example, in Hebrews 3:5-6 it says, “Moses indeed was faithful in all his house as a servant, for a testimony of those things which were afterward to be spoken, but Christ is faithful as a Son over his house; whose house we are, if we hold fast our confidence and the glorying of our hope firm to the end.”

But Peter is also referring to a building when he says that the followers of Jesus are being built into a house. He has in mind the temple that was built in Jerusalem. But since Jesus sacrificed His life for the forgiveness of sins and was resurrected, God no longer dwells in a house made of stone, but rather in the hearts of those who follow Jesus. This is why Peter calls them living stones. This living temple is built on faith in Jesus. And this is why Peter calls Jesus the cornerstone. The Apostle Paul explains it this way, “So then you are no longer strangers and foreigners, but you are fellow citizens with the saints, and of the household of God, being built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the chief cornerstone; in whom the whole building, fitted together, grows into a holy temple in the Lord; in whom you also are built together for a habitation of God in the Spirit.” (Ephesians 2:19-22) It is important to note that another name the Bible uses for this temple is ‘church.’ The church is not a physical building but is made up of all those who follow Christ.

Just as the Mosaic Law designated certain people as priests to serve in the temple at Jerusalem, this new living temple also has priests. But there is a major difference. Under the Mosaic Law only people from a certain tribe or family could serve as priests. But Peter says that all of those who follow Christ are priests in the living temple.

Just as the priests under the Mosaic Law had to perform certain duties, so do the priests of the living temple. One of the most important duties of the priest under the Law was to sacrifice animals as a sin offering on behalf of the people. Those sin offerings were ineffective however, for as Hebrews 10:3-4 points out, “ But in those sacrifices there is a yearly reminder of sins. For it is impossible that the blood of bulls and goats should take away sins.” Sin was not atoned for until Jesus offered His sinless body as the perfect sacrifice. Hebrews 10:11-12 says, “Every priest indeed stands day by day serving and often offering the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins, but he, when he had offered one sacrifice for sins forever, sat down on the right hand of God;” It is for this reason that the priests of the living temple do not offer animal sacrifices. Instead, Peter says that they are to offer spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God. Peter does not say what these sacrifices should be. From other passages of Scripture however we see that these sacrifices include our love, (Mark 12:33) our bodies, (Romans 12:1) finances, (Philippians 4:18) praise and generosity. (Hebrews 13:15-16)

Here it is important to note another difference between the Old Covenant under the Mosaic Law and the New Covenant that Jesus has brought. Under the Law, the people could not offer their sacrifices themselves. They had to bring them to a priest who would offer the sacrifices on their behalf. But under the New Covenant, everyone who follows Jesus is a priest and therefore has the right to offer sacrifices. In Christ everyone is equal. This does not mean however, that we are not to pray on the behalf of other people. On the contrary, the Christian is instructed to do this. In 1 Timothy 2:1-4 the Apostle Paul writes, “I exhort therefore, first of all, that petitions, prayers, intercessions, and givings of thanks, be made for all men: for kings and all who are in high places; that we may lead a tranquil and quiet life in all godliness and reverence. For this is good and acceptable in the sight of God our Savior; who desires all people to be saved and come to full knowledge of the truth.”

Another difference from the Mosaic Law is that no longer must sacrifices be brought to the physical temple in Jerusalem. Now our sacrifices can be offered anywhere we are because we are part of the living temple. Where the Christian is, there the temple is also.

But while every Christian has the right to offer spiritual sacrifices to God, Peter says that they must be offered through Jesus Christ. It is the blood of Jesus that atones for the sins of those who follow Him. And it is on the basis of Jesus’ blood that God accepts our sacrifices and listens to our requests. As it is written, “For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus, who gave himself as a ransom for all…” (1 Timothy 2:5-6)

In chapter 1, verse 22 of his first letter the Apostle Peter has instructed the followers of Jesus to love one another with the kind of love that God has. How is this possible? How can people who by nature hate and bear malice love like God? In verse 23 through the third verse of chapter 2, Peter supplies the answer. He writes, “…having been born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, through the word of God, which lives and remains forever. For, “All flesh is like grass, and all of man’s glory like the flower in the grass. The grass withers, and its flower falls; but the Lord’s word endures forever.” This is the word of Good News which was preached to you. Putting away therefore all wickedness, all deceit, hypocrisies, envies, and all evil speaking, as newborn babies, long for the pure milk of the Word, that you may grow thereby, if indeed you have tasted that the Lord is gracious:”

Peter’s reply to the question about how it is possible for people to love like God is that they have been born again. Their basic nature has been changed. What used to be impossible is now part of the Christian’s character. The Apostle Paul expresses it this way, “among whom we also all once lived in the lust of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest. But God, being rich in mercy, for his great love with which he loved us, even when we were dead through our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ (by grace you have been saved)” (Ephesians 2:3-5) And as he says in another place, “Therefore if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation. The old things have passed away. Behold, all things have become new.” (2 Corinthians 5:17)

How can such a change take place? Peter says that the new birth takes place by means of God’s word. He compares God’s word to a seed. But this is no ordinary seed. Peter mentions three characteristics that distinguish this seed from all others. First, this seed is incorruptible. Ordinary seed will rot if it is not stored properly and it loses its potency if it is stored too long. But this seed, that is God’s word, can never be destroyed. Through the ages many attacks have been made against God’s word but all have failed. Though kingdoms and empires have come and gone, God’s word still stands. Secondly, the seed, that is God’s word, is living. Normally, when a seed is planted it must die in order to produce a plant. But this seed remains alive even though it has produced new life in all of those who follow Christ. And because it remains alive it continues to work on and transform the life of the believer. Hebrews 4:12 says, “For the word of God is living, and active, and sharper than any two-edged sword, and piercing even to the dividing of soul and spirit, of both joints and marrow, and is able to discern the thoughts and intentions of the heart.” The third way in which this seed, that is the God’s word, is different from ordinary seed is that it remains forever. But this is not limited to the words of God that are recorded in the Bible. Remember that one of the names for Jesus is ‘Word of God.’ The Bible says that, “Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today, and forever.” (Hebrews 13:8) Jesus never changes. The Jesus who willingly gave up His life 2000 years ago to rescue us from sin is the same Jesus who offers us salvation today and who will welcome those who believe in Him into God’s presence in the future.

A seed produces a plant consistent with its nature. Wheat seed always produces wheat. An apple tree is always grown from an apple seed. In the same way, the seed of God’s word produces fruit that is consistent with its nature in the lives of those who follow Jesus. Just as God’s word is imperishable, so too are those who believe in Jesus. He said, “…I am the resurrection and the life. He who believes in me will still live, even if he dies. Whoever lives and believes in me will never die…” (John 11:25-26) Just as God’s word is living, so too the followers of Christ are spiritually alive. The Apostle Paul writes, “You were dead through your trespasses and the uncircumcision of your flesh. He made you alive together with him…” (Colossians 2:13) And, just as God’s word is enduring, so is the person who obeys that word. The Scripture says, “The world is passing away with its lusts, but he who does God’s will remains forever.” (1 John 2:17)

After listing the characteristics of God’s word, Peter quotes from the prophet Isaiah to demonstrate the fact that man cannot survive without God’s word. “All flesh is like grass, and all of man’s glory like the flower in the grass. The grass withers, and its flower falls; but the Lord’s word endures forever .” (1:24-25)

A plant always has the nature of the seed from which it came. James writes, “Can a fig tree, my brothers, yield olives, or a vine figs?…” (James 3:12) In the same way the life of a person who is living according to God’s word will demonstrate God’s nature. In chapter 1, verse 22 Peter instructed the followers of Jesus to love one another with same kind of love that God has. Now, in chapter 2, verse 1 he tells his readers to remove from their lives everything that is opposed to God’s nature. He writes, “Putting away therefore all wickedness, all deceit, hypocrisies, envies, and all evil speaking,” (2:1) We all need to ask ourselves what kind of fruit is being displayed in our lives. If we demonstrate any of these five things that Peter mentions, we may be sure that we have not yet obeyed God’s word as we should.

In chapter 1, verse 22 Peter has said that the change in our nature is a result of being born again. But, if a newborn infant does not grow, there is something wrong. Peter writes, “as newborn babies, long for the pure milk of the Word, that you may grow thereby,” (2:2) There are two things which will prevent growth. The first is impure food. Peter stresses that our spiritual food must be pure. This is why it is so important for each of us to carefully study and apply God’s word to our lives rather than rely on the teachings of men. The second thing which will prevent spiritual growth is to live on milk alone. The writer of Hebrews puts it this way, “For everyone who lives on milk is not experienced in the word of righteousness, for he is a baby. But solid food is for those who are full grown, who by reason of use have their senses exercised to discern good and evil.” (Hebrews 5:13-14)