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Christian Responsibilities (1 Thessalonians 5:12-28)

With privilege comes responsibility. The followers of Christ not only have the promise that they will live forever with Christ when He returns, but the responsibility of being Christ-like in this life. What does this means in practical terms? In his first inspired letter to the church at Thessalonica, chapter 5, verses 12 through 28 the Apostle Paul writes, “But we beg you, brothers, to know those who labor among you, and are over you in the Lord, and admonish you, and to respect and honor them in love for their work’s sake. Be at peace among yourselves. We exhort you, brothers, admonish the disorderly, encourage the fainthearted, support the weak, be patient toward all. See that no one returns evil for evil to anyone, but always follow after that which is good, for one another, and for all. Rejoice always. Pray without ceasing. In everything give thanks, for this is the will of God in Christ Jesus toward you. Don’t quench the Spirit. Don’t despise prophesies. Test all things, and hold firmly that which is good. Abstain from every form of evil. May the God of peace himself sanctify you completely. May your whole spirit, soul, and body be preserved blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. He who calls you is faithful, who will also do it. Brothers, pray for us. Greet all the brothers with a holy kiss. I solemnly command you by the Lord that this letter be read to all the holy brothers. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you. Amen.”

In the church both leaders and followers have a responsibility. Paul writes that the leaders work hard and admonish. For their part the people are to respect and to love those who are over them in the Lord. If the leaders are the kind of men they ought to be, this instruction should not be difficult for a true leader is always a true servant of those he leads. When people respect and love their leaders, and when the leaders truly serve the people, then it will be easy to obey Paul’s next instruction which is to, “Be at peace among yourselves .” (verse 13)

Service or ministry is not confined to leaders. The followers of Christ are to minister to each other. This includes warning the disorderly (NIV, idle). In chapter 4, verses 11 and 12, Paul had already said that the followers of Christ are to work so that they will not be dependent on anyone. In another place he writes, “…If anyone will not work, neither let him eat.” (2 Thessalonians 3:10) Ministry to one another also includes encouraging the timid and helping the weak. All of this is to be done with patience. Even if someone should wrong or hurt him, the follower of Christ is not to retaliate. This agrees with what Scripture says in another place, “not rendering evil for evil, or insult for insult; but instead blessing; knowing that to this were you called, that you may inherit a blessing. (1 Peter 3:9) Instead of retaliation, the follower of Christ is to do “that which is good” for others. This kindness is to extend to even those outside of the church.

Paul’s instruction to “Rejoice always” (verse 16) may seem impossible. Life is full of hardship and pain. How can anyone be joyful all the time? Paul provides the answer when he says, “Don’t quench the Spirit.” (verse 19) One of the fruits of the Spirit is joy. Therefore, joy should be one of a Christian’s outstanding characteristics. If we are not joyful, we should ask ourselves whether we are allowing God’s Spirit to work in us.

Some religions have set times for prayer. But Paul writes that the follower of Christ should, “Pray without ceasing.” (verse 17) How can this be? The key to understanding this is to realize that Paul is not talking about performing rituals, but about communicating with God. As members of God’s household, the followers of Christ should always be ready to talk to their heavenly Father.

Another command which, at first, seems impossible to obey is, “In everything give thanks.” (verse 18) Paul writes that it God’s will that we should do so. How can one give thanks in the midst of suffering, illness, financial hardship or persecution? It becomes possible when we understand God’s purpose for our lives. Paul had already written about the hope the followers of Christ have because they will one day be with Christ forever. God is using every circumstance of life to make us more like Christ. Because we are becoming like Him, we can be thankful for the things which God is using to shape and mold us into His image.

Paul next writes that the followers of Christ should not treat prophecies with contempt. (verse 20) It is easy to dismiss someone who claims to have a message from God. But, if what they say is in harmony with Scripture, then we should be willing to listen. On the other hand, we should not blindly accept what someone has to say. Paul writes that we should test everything. A good example of this principle is found in Acts chapter 17, verse 11, “Now these were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of the mind, examining the Scriptures daily to see whether these things were so.” If people were commended for testing what the Apostle Paul said, should we not be even more careful to examine what others tell us? Notice that the standard by which we are to test everything is the Scripture. There are two outcomes of the test. If the thing being examined is in harmony with Scripture, it is good and should be held onto. If not, it is evil and is to be avoided.

Paul prays that God will sanctify those to whom he is writing. This is something only God can do. He will do it, not because we deserve it but, because He is faithful. When someone is made holy by God not just a part but, his whole person, is made holy. And, having been made holy he will be found blameless at Christ’s return.

Paul urges the people to whom he is writing to greet one another with a holy kiss. If one has been sanctified by God, then everything in his life ought to be holy as well. Today, we do not usually greet one another with a kiss. But whatever our custom of greeting might be, it should be genuine and holy.

There are those who claim that the Christian Scriptures have been changed. Such claims, however, fail to take the facts into account. Paul gave a command before God to have this letter read to all the followers of Christ. Since this letter was known by all, had anyone dared to make any change in it, any such change would have been detected immediately.

Paul closes the letter the same way he began it. He prays that those to whom he is writing will experience the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ. You, too, can have that grace if you are one of Christ’s followers.

Christ’s Return (Part 2) (1 Thessalonians 5:1-11)

One of the promises of Scripture is that someday Jesus will return. At His coming the dead will rise and Christ’s followers will go to live with Him forever. Naturally, people would like to know when these events will take place. Throughout history there has been much speculation about these events and many predictions have been made about when Jesus will return to earth. Unfortunately, speculation about the timing of Christ’s return has led to two problems. On the one hand, many have expected Christ to return almost immediately. As a result, they see no reason to carry on with the ordinary tasks of living. Some have gone so far as to quit their jobs and to do nothing while they wait for the Lord to take them away from this world. On the other hand, because so much time has elapsed since the promise of Jesus’ coming was made, and because so many of the predictions of the timing of His coming have proved false, many have concluded that He is not coming at all. As the Apostle Peter writes, “…in the last days mockers will come, walking after their own lusts, and saying, “Where is the promise of his coming? For, from the day that the fathers fell asleep, all things continue as they were from the beginning of the creation.”” (2 Peter 3:3-4)

Both of these false views of Christ’s coming would be put to rest if people would read what Scripture says. In his first inspired letter to the church in the city of Thessalonica, the Apostle Paul writes in chapter 5, verses 1 through 11, “But concerning the times and the seasons, brothers, you have no need that anything be written to you. For you yourselves know well that the day of the Lord comes like a thief in the night. For when they are saying, “Peace and safety,” then sudden destruction will come on them, like birth pains on a pregnant woman; and they will in no way escape. But you, brothers, aren’t in darkness, that the day should overtake you like a thief. You are all children of light, and children of the day. We don’t belong to the night, nor to darkness, so then let’s not sleep, as the rest do, but let’s watch and be sober. For those who sleep, sleep in the night, and those who are drunk are drunk in the night. But let us, since we belong to the day, be sober, putting on the breastplate of faith and love, and, for a helmet, the hope of salvation. For God didn’t appoint us to wrath, but to the obtaining of salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ, who died for us, that, whether we wake or sleep, we should live together with him. Therefore exhort one another, and build each other up, even as you also do.”

It is useless to try to give a precise date for Jesus’ return. Jesus himself said, “But of that day or that hour no one knows, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father.” (Mark 13:32) From what Paul writes we can learn two things about Christ’s coming. One, it will be unexpected. Paul, echoing the teaching of Jesus, compares it to the coming of a thief in the night. Just as people are unable to see a thief coming and he catches people unawares, so it will be with the coming of Jesus. Secondly, people will feel very secure. They will be reveling in a sense of peace and safety, not knowing that inescapable destruction is hovering over them.

This passage makes clear, however, that it is not the date or the time of Jesus’ coming which is important. Instead, what is important is whether we are ready for His coming. Jesus will come like a thief in the night, but Paul writes that Christ’s followers are not in darkness. What does Paul mean? He uses the metaphor of darkness and night to refer to evil and sin. In another place Paul describes the “works of darkness” as, “…reveling and drunkenness… not in sexual promiscuity and lustful acts… strife and jealousy.” (Romans 13:13) In contrast to this, Paul calls the followers of Christ, “children of light, and children of the day.” (verse 5) In another place Paul explains, “For you were once darkness, but are now light in the Lord. Walk as children of light, for the fruit of the Spirit is in all goodness and righteousness and truth,” (Ephesians 5:8-9)

Not only do those who live in darkness have a corrupt lifestyle, they are asleep. (verse 6) In other words, they are unaware of their own spiritual condition as well as about Christ’s return. In contrast to this, Christ’s followers are to be self-controlled and alert. The language Paul uses pictures a soldier preparing for battle. The follower of Christ, however, does not fight with the weapons of this world. Instead he is to put on armor consisting of faith, hope and love. In chapter 1, verse 3, Paul had already stated that the people to whom he is writing already possessed these attributes, but now he writes that they should armor themselves with them. In another place Scripture refers to this armor as the “armor of light.” (Romans 13:12) When a follower of Christ clothes himself with faith, hope and love he can withstand every assault the darkness and those who are in darkness make against him. For example, it is written that with the shield of faith “…you will be able to quench all the fiery darts of the evil one.” (Ephesians 6:16)

There is another contrast in this passage. Not only is there a difference in the lifestyle of those in darkness compared to those who are in the light, there is also a difference in what will happen to them when Christ returns. Those who are in darkness will suffer God’s wrath. Those who are in the light will receive salvation through Jesus Christ. (verse 9)

By what means does salvation come through Christ? Paul answers this question by saying that Christ died for us. Because Jesus was willing to pay the penalty for our sins, God regards those who follow Him as though they had never sinned. Whether a follower of Christ is still physically alive at Jesus’ return, or whether he has died, he will live with Christ forever. It is because of this promise that those who are in Christ can live their lives in hope. Whenever a loved one dies; whenever the sorrows of this life threaten to overwhelm, they can always find encouragement and comfort by reminding one another that one day they will be with Christ, forever. But this promise and hope are only for those who are in Christ. Have you submitted yourself to Him? Are you one of the “children of light” or are you still living in darkness? Will Christ’s return bring you comfort, or will it bring God’s wrath?

Christ’s Return (Part 1) (1 Thessalonians 4:13-18)

For most people, death is not only a tragedy, it is also a mystery. They are afraid of what comes after death. They have no assurance that their lives are pleasing to God and they fear punishment. They also do not have any assurance that they will ever see their loved ones again.

The followers of Christ in the city of Thessalonica were also perplexed about death. Their faith in Christ was strong. They believed that He would one day return to earth. They lived in the hope that they would live forever with Christ. But what about those who had died before Christ’s return? Were they gone forever? Would the believers ever again see their brothers in the faith, who had died? Paul addresses these concerns in chapter 4, verses 13 through 18 of his first inspired letter to them: “But we don’t want you to be ignorant, brothers, concerning those who have fallen asleep, so that you don’t grieve like the rest, who have no hope. For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so God will bring with him those who have fallen asleep in Jesus. For this we tell you by the word of the Lord, that we who are alive, who are left to the coming of the Lord, will in no way precede those who have fallen asleep. For the Lord himself will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with God’s trumpet. The dead in Christ will rise first, then we who are alive, who are left, will be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air. So we will be with the Lord forever. Therefore comfort one another with these words.”

When those who are close to us die, it is natural to grieve. Those outside of Christ grieve because death is a final and eternal separation from their loved ones. For those who follow Christ, however, grief at the death of a loved one is tempered by hope. What is the basis for this hope? It is this, that Jesus, Himself, rose from the dead. If Jesus had merely ascended into heaven, it would have been something which does not touch our experience and, therefore, something to which we cannot relate. If Jesus had merely died, it would have been a tragedy no different from the millions of other deaths which occur. But since Christ not only died but rose again from the dead, we can rest assured that He spoke the truth when He said that, one day, all the dead will be raised. He is living proof of what He promised.

Not only will the dead be raised, we also have the promise that Jesus will return from heaven. Scripture records, “When he had said these things, as they were looking, he was taken up, and a cloud received him out of their sight. While they were looking steadfastly into the sky as he went, behold, two men stood by them in white clothing, who also said, “You men of Galilee, why do you stand looking into the sky? This Jesus, who was received up from you into the sky will come back in the same way as you saw him going into the sky.”” (Acts 1:9-11)

What is the significance of Jesus’ rising from the dead and returning from heaven? In chapter 3, verse 13, Paul had assured the people to whom he was writing that when Jesus returns he will be accompanied by his ‘saints.’ Who are these ‘saints?’ In chapter 4, verse 14 Paul indicates that these are the followers of Christ who have died prior to His return. This is one reason Paul stresses the need to be holy. It is those who have lived holy lives; those who are sanctified when they die, who will accompany Christ when He returns.

Paul also writes that upon Christ’s return, those who have died in Christ will rise from the dead. How can this be since Paul has already said that they will accompany Christ on His return? No doubt both statements are true, but we freely admit that it is sometimes difficult to understand what will happen in the future. Perhaps it is the souls of those who have died in Christ which will accompany Him upon His return. Then, their bodies will be resurrected. In this way the souls of those who have died will be re-united with new bodies which will never decay or perish. In any case, Paul writes that the Lord Jesus, Himself, has promised that those who have died in Christ will rise first. Then, those who are alive at the time of His return who belong to Him will join Christ and the resurrected saints.

What will the manner of Jesus’ return be? Some people have the idea that Christ will return quietly. The world will not know about the return until they realize that His followers are no longer among them. This idea is not correct. Paul clearly indicates that Christ’s will be obvious and unmistakable. One of the things which will make it unmistakable is that there will be a loud shout or command from heaven. We are not told what this command will be. Perhaps it will be the order for the dead to rise. Perhaps it will be the victory chant over death. As it is written, “Death, where is your sting? Hades, where is your victory?” (1 Corinthians 15:55) Perhaps it will be the summons for all of mankind to face judgment. Perhaps it will be the command which destroys the universe. This shout will also be accompanied by the voice of the archangel and the trumpet call of God. Again, we do not know exactly what all of these things mean. We will know when it happens. The question is whether we will be ready for Christ’s return.

What will the result of Christ’s return be? Aside from the resurrection of the dead, Paul mentions two other results of Christ returning. The first is that His followers will rise to meet him and the other holy ones in the air. Since this is impossible for our earthly bodies this implies that Christ’s followers will be given a new type of body. In another place Paul explains it this way, “Behold, I tell you a mystery. We will not all sleep, but we will all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised incorruptible, and we will be changed.” (1 Corinthians 15:51-52) Secondly, Paul writes that Christ’s followers will be with Him forever. Jesus said, “In my Father’s house are many homes. If it weren’t so, I would have told you. I am going to prepare a place for you. If I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again, and will receive you to myself; that where I am, you may be there also.” (John 14:2-3)

Rejoining loved ones who have died. A changed body. Being with the Lord forever. It is because of these wonderful promises that Paul can tell his readers to encourage one another. But these promises are only for those who are in Christ. Are you one of His followers?

Brotherly Love (1 Thessalonians 4:9-12)

What are we known for? If someone were to describe our personality, what would he say? There is one character quality by which it should be possible to identify every follower of Jesus. He said, “By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another.” (John 13:35) The kind of love Jesus was talking about is the kind of love which God shows to us. It is an unselfish and unconditional love which is given regardless of the behavior of the one who is loved, or whether it is reciprocated. It is the result of a decision to love rather than feelings of affection. Though God hates sin, his love caused Him to send Jesus to the cross in order to redeem us from sin. It is this same kind of love which causes the followers of Christ to show compassion to those outside the faith and to even bless their persecutors.

But there is also another kind of love which the followers of Christ should have. It is the kind of love which the members of a family have for one another. It is affection based on relationship. In his first inspired letter to the followers of Christ at Thessalonica, chapter 4, verses 9 through 12, the Apostle Paul writes, “But concerning brotherly love, you have no need that one write to you. For you yourselves are taught by God to love one another, for indeed you do it toward all the brothers who are in all Macedonia. But we exhort you, brothers, that you abound more and more; and that you make it your ambition to lead a quiet life, and to do your own business, and to work with your own hands, even as we instructed you; that you may walk properly toward those who are outside, and may have need of nothing.”

Paul states that he has no reason to write about brotherly love. The reason he gives is that the followers of Christ have already been taught by God to love. Once someone has experienced God’s love, it is natural that he should reflect that love to others. There is another element to this, however. When someone becomes a follower of Christ, he becomes part of God’s household or family. The relationship between God and those who submit to Christ is so close that God calls them His children. If a follower of Christ is God’s child, then it is also true that he is a bother to the other followers of Christ. It is natural for members of the same family to love each other. In expressing this truth the Apostle John writes, “Whoever believes that Jesus is the Christ is born of God. Whoever loves the Father also loves the child who is born of him.” (1 John 5:1) This serves as an important test of the condition of our relationship with God. John writes, “If a man says, “I love God,” and hates his brother, he is a liar; for he who doesn’t love his brother whom he has seen, how can he love God whom he has not seen?” (1 John 4:20)

The followers of Christ at Thessalonica passed this test. They not only loved each other as brothers within their local congregation, Paul writes that they loved the brothers throughout the province of Macedonia. Even though they loved, however, there is always room for improvement. No one can ever love too much. Paul urges the people to whom he is writing to increase in their love. How can this be done? Quite simply, by doing it. We grow stronger in those things we practice. The Apostle Peter writes, “…adding on your part all diligence, in your faith supply moral excellence; and in moral excellence, knowledge; and in knowledge, self-control; and in self-control patience; and in patience godliness; and in godliness brotherly affection; and in brotherly affection, love. For if these things are yours and abound, they make you to be not idle nor unfruitful to the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. For he who lacks these things is blind, seeing only what is near, having forgotten the cleansing from his old sins.” (2 Peter 1:5-9)

How does love express itself? Love will always express itself in the way we live. Paul writes that the followers of Christ should attempt to “lead a quiet life.” In prophesying about the coming of Christ, God said through Isaiah, “Behold, my servant, whom I uphold; my chosen, in whom my soul delights— I have put my Spirit on him. He will bring justice to the nations. He will not shout, nor raise his voice, nor cause it to be heard in the street.” (Isaiah 42:1-2) If we claim to follow Christ, should we not emulate His example of refusing to get involved in political protest and social unrest?

Another way Paul says we express love is how we conduct ourselves in regard to our employment or business. One way to do this is to mind our own business. Not only should we do something worthwhile in order to earn a living, but we should refrain from poking our noses into the affairs of other people. There are also many people who think that working with their hands is beneath them. But this kind of attitude has no place in Christianity. All work, if it is done for God’s glory is acceptable to Him. There is no shame whatever in manual labor. In another place Paul writes, “And whatever you do, work heartily, as for the Lord, and not for men, knowing that from the Lord you will receive the reward of the inheritance; for you serve the Lord Christ.” (Colossians 3:23-24)

Living like this will have two results. The first has to do with how those outside of Christ view His followers. One of the quickest ways to earn the disrespect of outsiders is to be careless and slack about work. If the follower of Christ cannot be depended upon to fulfill a contract or to do good work then it reflects badly upon the Christ whom he says is his Lord. In contrast, if Christians are honorable, dependable and reflect a Christ-like attitude in their business dealings then they will gain a good reputation and the respect of those outside the faith.

The second result of listening to Paul’s instructions about work is that it will provide the necessities of life. The followers of Christ are a family. They are supposed to share with each other take care of one another’s needs. There are some who might be tempted to take advantage of this and not work while expecting others to supply their material needs. But the true follower of Christ should never take advantage of someone else. Each person who claims to be in Christ should work so that he does not have to depend on the generosity of others.

A Holy Lifestyle (1 Thessalonians 4:1-8)

What does it mean to live a holy and blameless life? In his first inspired letter to the church at Thessalonica, the Apostle Paul points out that holiness starts with the heart. By this he does not mean our physical heart, but rather that part of our spiritual nature which includes our will and intentions. This is in perfect agreement with what Jesus said, “…That which proceeds out of the man, that defiles the man. For from within, out of the hearts of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, sexual sins, murders, thefts, covetings, wickedness, deceit, lustful desires, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, and foolishness. All these evil things come from within, and defile the man.” (Mark 7:20-23) In the same way, if our hearts are pure it will have a corresponding effect on our actions and how we live our daily lives. In chapter 4, verses 1 through 8 Paul writes, “Finally then, brothers, we beg and exhort you in the Lord Jesus, that as you received from us how you ought to walk and to please God, that you abound more and more. For you know what instructions we gave you through the Lord Jesus. For this is the will of God: your sanctification, that you abstain from sexual immorality, that each one of you know how to possess himself of his own vessel in sanctification and honor, not in the passion of lust, even as the Gentiles who don’t know God; that no one should take advantage of and wrong a brother or sister in this matter; because the Lord is an avenger in all these things, as also we forewarned you and testified. For God called us not for uncleanness, but in sanctification. Therefore he who rejects this doesn’t reject man, but God, who has also given his Holy Spirit to you.”

Paul writes that he instructed the followers of Christ at Thessalonica how to live in order to please God. This means that not all lifestyles are pleasing to God. These days many people have the idea that how one lives his life is not important. They claim that all lifestyles are equally valid. This is not so. We will either please God by the way we live, or we will not.

It is also evident from what Paul writes that people need to be taught what pleases God. In fact, this is one of the most important duties of church leaders. For example, Paul wrote to Timothy, “…be an example to those who believe, in word, in your way of life, in love, in spirit, in faith, and in purity.” (1 Timothy 4:12) In another place Scripture says, “Who is wise and understanding among you? Let him show by his good conduct that his deeds are done in gentleness of wisdom.” (James 3:13)

Paul also emphasizes that living to please God is not just a one time thing, but is something in which we should grow. As we learn more about God and what pleases Him, the more our thoughts and behavior should conform to His standards. It is also important to remember that the standards of behavior are the Lord’s and not merely made up by some man. Paul was not trying to impose his own code of morality on anyone. Instead he gave the instructions he did by the authority of Christ. When we reject what Paul has written here, we are not rejecting him, but rejecting Christ who gave the instructions through Paul.

How, then, does one live in order to please God? In answer to this question, Paul writes that it is God’s will that we be sanctified. The root meaning of the word Paul uses is ‘set apart.’ In other words, someone who is sanctified has been set apart for God’s use. He should avoid anything which would dishonor God.

The example Paul gives in order to illustrate this point is that of sexual immorality. This was a problem in that day, just as it is in ours. He lists four reasons why a follower of Christ should abstain from sexual sin. The first is that those who do not know God indulge their lusts this way. The Apostle Peter expresses it this way, “For we have spent enough of our past time doing the desire of the Gentiles, and having walked in lewdness, lusts, drunken binges, orgies, carousings, and abominable idolatries.” (1 Peter 4:3) In contrast to the behavior of unbelievers, Paul writes that the follower of Christ is to control himself. He will repeat this instruction in chapter 5, verse 8. In the letter to the Galatians, self-control is listed as one of the fruits of God’s Holy Spirit. It follows, then, that if a person does not have self-control, God’s Spirit is not in him.

A second reason to avoid sexual sin is that it wrongs or defrauds fellow believers. This could take several forms. Even if it does not actively involve another believer, this kind of sin still causes damage. For example, if we commit sin in secret we are living a lie which, when found out, could weaken the faith of those who observe our inconsistency. On the other hand, if we sin openly we set a wrong example. In chapter 3, verse 12, Paul had already prayed that the love the followers of Christ in Thessalonica had for each other would increase. Sexual immorality can only destroy love, not cause it to increase.

A third reason to abstain from sexual immorality and the wrong which it causes, is that God will punish those who commit it. Fear of punishment is not the highest of motives for abstaining from sin. As already noted, love should be the motivation for not sinning. It is better to abstain because of fear, however, than to not abstain at all.

The fourth reason to avoid sexual impurity is that God has called us to live holy lives. God is holy. If we want to be pleasing to Him; if we desire to one day live with God in heaven, then we too need to be holy. The Apostle Peter writes, “but just as he who called you is holy, you yourselves also be holy in all of your behavior; because it is written, “You shall be holy; for I am holy.”” (1 Peter 1:15-16)

What is the consequence of rejecting the instruction about holy living which Paul has given? He makes it clear that to reject the teaching is really to reject God. The teaching is not something which Paul made up and is trying to force on people. The instruction really comes from God. Paul’s authority to teach it came from Jesus Christ. In view of this, all of us who claim to follow Christ must make a decision. Will we obey the instruction to avoid sexual impurity and live holy lives, or will we reject God?

Good News About the Thessalonians (1 Thessalonians 3:6-13)

What gives us joy? What encourages us? For the Apostle Paul it was the news that those whom he had taught about Christ were standing firm in their faith. Paul had been thrown out of the city of Thessalonica after a very short time. Satan had prevented his return. He was worried that the new believers would be tempted and would not have the strength to remain faithful to Christ. Since he could not go himself, Paul sent Timothy to see how the church at Thessalonica was doing. In his first inspired letter to the Thessalonians, chapter 3, verses 6 through13 he writes, “But when Timothy came just now to us from you, and brought us glad news of your faith and love, and that you have good memories of us always, longing to see us, even as we also long to see you; for this cause, brothers, we were comforted over you in all our distress and affliction through your faith. For now we live, if you stand fast in the Lord. For what thanksgiving can we render again to God for you, for all the joy with which we rejoice for your sakes before our God; night and day praying exceedingly that we may see your face, and may perfect that which is lacking in your faith? Now may our God and Father himself, and our Lord Jesus Christ, direct our way to you; and the Lord make you to increase and abound in love one toward another, and toward all men, even as we also do toward you, to the end he may establish your hearts blameless in holiness before our God and Father, at the coming of our Lord Jesus with all his saints.”

Timothy’s report about the followers of Christ in Thessalonica was a great relief to Paul. He calls it ‘glad news.’ Paul mentions two reasons why it was good news. One reason was in regard to their faith. In spite of all the trouble and persecution they had experienced, they were standing firm. Nothing had been able to shake them. Timothy’s report made it plain, however, that in spite of standing firm, their faith was not as complete as it needed to be. This was only to be expected. After all, Paul had been forced out of the city after a very short time. He had not had the time to give them much teaching. This was one reason Paul was so anxious to return to Thessalonica. He wanted to supply what was lacking in the faith of the believers.

The other good news Timothy’s report contained was about the love which the followers of Christ in Thessalonica had. This love expressed itself in the good memories they had of Paul and his time among them. Even though Paul’s ministry among them had resulted in bringing persecution down on them, they appreciated what he had done for them and still cherished his memory and longed to see him again.

Having heard such good things, it is no wonder that Paul was encouraged. Though he, himself was experiencing distress and persecution, he could thank God and rejoice about the faith and love among the believers at Thessalonica. His efforts and work among them had not been in vain.

Though Paul rejoices and thanks God for the faith and love shown by the followers of Christ at Thessalonica, it is interesting to note that he does not mention their hope. It is true that in chapter 1, verse 3, Paul wrote that they did have hope in Christ, but hope is not mentioned in the report which Timothy brought back. The three qualities of faith, hope and love should be dominant characteristics of the followers of Christ. For example, Scripture says, “Without faith it is impossible to be well pleasing to him, for he who comes to God must believe that he exists, and that he is a rewarder of those who seek him.” (Hebrews 11:6) In another place it says, “…always be ready to give an answer to everyone who asks you a reason concerning the hope that is in you…” (1 Peter 3:15) Jesus told His disciples, “A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another, just like I have loved you; that you also love one another. By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another.” (John 13:34-35)

Since this is so, why doesn’t Paul commend the followers of Christ at Thessalonica for their hope? From chapter 4 of this letter the reason seems to be that they had a serious misunderstanding about Jesus’ return and what happens to believers after they die. Though they believed that Jesus would come again and take His followers to heaven, they apparently thought that only those believers who were still physically alive at the time of Christ’s return would get to enjoy heaven. They did not understand that all who die in Christ will rise again and will live with Him forever. If this is an accurate description, then it is easy to see why the followers of Christ at Thessalonica had little hope. As Paul writes in another place, “If we have only hoped in Christ in this life, we are of all men most pitiable.” (1 Corinthians 15:19) Later in this letter Paul will try to correct the believers in Thessalonica regarding their misunderstanding.

Paul closes this section of his letter with a prayer. His prayer is that God will make it possible for him to visit the believers once again. In addition to this, he prays that the believer’s love, not only for each other, but for everyone will increase. Followers of Christ should certainly love one another, but their love should also extend to those outside the faith.

Paul also prays that the believers will be holy and blameless before God. While this involves actions, as Paul will point out in the next chapter, it is interesting that he links holiness and being blameless to their hearts being strengthened (verse 13). In biblical usage, the term ‘heart’ does not usually refer to the part of our body which pumps our blood but, rather, to that part of our moral being which contains our will and intentions. In other words, Paul is praying that the followers of Christ at Thessalonica will not only do the right things, but that they will do them for the right reason. They will do what is right not merely because they are commanded to do so, but because they want to. It is also worth noting in this passage that holiness is linked to love. This is an important principle which we can use to evaluate actions. The world has debased the word ‘love’ by using it to describe lust and all kinds of ungodly practices. That which is truly love, however, will always lead a person towards holiness. If it does not, then it is not love.

Paul’s Concern (1 Thessalonians 2:17-3:5)

When we care for someone it is natural that we want to be around them. The Apostle Paul had a very strong affection for the people whom he had introduced to Christ in the city of Thessalonica. He was very grateful for the way they had accepted the gospel. Unfortunately, because Paul was forced to leave the city due to persecution, and he was unable to give the new converts as much teaching as he wanted. Naturally, Paul was concerned whether their faith would be strong enough to withstand the pressure being brought to bear on them. In his first inspired letter to the church at Thessalonica, chapter 2, verse 17 through chapter 3, verse 5, Paul writes, “But we, brothers, being bereaved of you for a short season, in presence, not in heart, tried even harder to see your face with great desire, because we wanted to come to you—indeed, I, Paul, once and again—but Satan hindered us. For what is our hope, or joy, or crown of rejoicing? Isn’t it even you, before our Lord Jesus at his coming? For you are our glory and our joy. Therefore, when we couldn’t stand it any longer, we thought it good to be left behind at Athens alone, and sent Timothy, our brother and God’s servant in the Good News of Christ, to establish you, and to comfort you concerning your faith; that no one be moved by these afflictions. For you know that we are appointed to this task. For most certainly, when we were with you, we told you beforehand that we are to suffer affliction, even as it happened, and you know. For this cause I also, when I couldn’t stand it any longer, sent that I might know your faith, for fear that by any means the tempter had tempted you, and our labor would have been in vain.”

This passage raises an interesting question. Paul writes that it was Satan who stopped him from returning to see the people at Thessalonica. Does Satan have the ability to stop God’s plan? While Satan does have the ability to influence events, he does not have the power to thwart God’s work. Satan wishes to destroy God’s plan but his schemes often have the opposite effect of what the Devil intended. God uses them to further his work. Years later Paul was able to write to another group of believers, “Now I desire to have you know, brothers, that the things which happened to me have turned out rather to the progress of the Good News;” (Philippians 1:12) There is an important lesson here. No matter how bad the situation appears, we should not become discouraged or lose heart. God is still at work even though it may not look like it. He will use even what seem, on the surface, to be disastrous circumstances to accomplish his will.

The text does not say how Satan was able to prevent Paul from returning to Thessalonica. The book of Acts may give us a clue, however. There it is recorded that at the time Paul was driven out of the city, Jason and some of the other believers were forced to post bond. It is possible that the bond was to guarantee that Paul would never return. If that is so, his return would have meant a financial loss to the believers in addition to putting them into trouble with the law.

Paul tells the followers of Christ at Thessalonica that they are his joy and glory. Does this mean that Paul boasted about how many people he had converted and looked on them as something which increased his own prestige and reputation? Not at all. In another place he writes, “But far be it from me to boast, except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, through which the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world.” (Galatians 6:14) The reason Paul could call the believers at Thessalonica his glory is that Christ was exalted and glorified through them. It was their restored relationship with God and the loving relationship which he, himself, had with them which gave him joy. If they were to turn away from Christ, his joy would be diminished.

Paul was naturally concerned that the believers might fall away as the result of the persecution they were suffering. This was why he was so anxious to return to Thessalonica and why, when he was prevented from going himself, he sent Timothy to establish and comfort (NIV, strengthen and encourage) them. This highlights one of the primary responsibilities of church leaders. It is to strengthen and encourage people so that they are able to withstand trials.

Many people have the idea that if someone is going through trouble or persecution that they must have done something wrong or that God is angry with them. Conversely, they think that if someone is pleasing to God, that they will not have troubles. But this is not so. Paul indicates that the followers of Jesus will face persecution and trials. This is in agreement with what Jesus said, “Blessed are you when people reproach you, persecute you, and say all kinds of evil against you falsely, for my sake. Rejoice, and be exceedingly glad, for great is your reward in heaven. For that is how they persecuted the prophets who were before you.” (Matthew 5:11-12)

Why does God allow his people to go through trials? In another place Paul writes, “…we also rejoice in our sufferings, knowing that suffering works perseverance; and perseverance, proven character; and proven character, hope:” (Romans 5:3-4) Contrary to popular thought, trials are actually evidence of God’s love. The Devil intends them to destroy, but God uses them to help the follower of Christ to grow and develop spiritually. What is our response to trouble? Do we draw nearer to God as result, or do we allow Satan to take us away from Him?

If both God and the Devil use trouble to try to influence us, how can we know whose voice we are hearing? Paul gives us a very important way to tell. He was concerned that the followers of Christ at Thessalonica might have been tempted. Temptation never comes from God. James writes, “Let no man say when he is tempted, “I am tempted by God,” for God can’t be tempted by evil, and he himself tempts no one.” (James 1:13) So, if the troubles we face tempt us in any way, we may be sure that it is Satan who is doing the tempting. Once we recognize it for what it is, we can refuse the temptation and draw nearer to God.

Response to the Gospel (1 Thessalonians 2:13-16)

A man can preach God’s word faithfully, clearly and accurately. He may present it with tenderness and compassion. He may demonstrate love. But this does not guarantee that his preaching will result in salvation for those to whom he preaches. Salvation depends not only on the gospel of Jesus Christ being preached, but also on it being received. How did the people at Thessalonica respond to Paul’s preaching? In chapter 2 of his first inspired letter to them, verses 13 through16 he writes, “For this cause we also thank God without ceasing, that, when you received from us the word of the message of God, you accepted it not as the word of men, but, as it is in truth, the word of God, which also works in you who believe. For you, brothers, became imitators of the assemblies of God which are in Judea in Christ Jesus; for you also suffered the same things from your own countrymen, even as they did from the Jews; who killed both the Lord Jesus and their own prophets, and drove us out, and didn’t please God, and are contrary to all men; forbidding us to speak to the Gentiles that they may be saved; to fill up their sins always. But wrath has come on them to the uttermost.”

There is a saying, “out of sight, out of mind.” In other words, we tend to forget about those from whom we are separated. In contrast to this, Paul assures those to whom he is writing that he thanks God continually for them. What were the reasons for Paul’s thanksgiving? One was that the people recognized the message which Paul brought as the word of God. It is not enough, however, to recognize God’s word. It must also be accepted. And this is another reason why Paul was thankful for the the people at Thessalonica: they accepted the message. Many know God’s word; many have heard the gospel of Christ, but refuse to accept it. Hearing God’s word is useless unless we are willing to accept and obey it.

Another thing for which Paul gave thanks is that God’s word was at work in the believers. God’s word is much more than paper and ink. It has the power to change people. “For the word of God is living, and active, and sharper than any two-edged sword, and piercing even to the dividing of soul and spirit, of both joints and marrow, and is able to discern the thoughts and intentions of the heart.” (Hebrews 4:12) In light of this, the work of God’s word should be evident in our lives. If we claim to believe the Scriptures but there is no change in us, then our belief is not what we say it is.

What is the evidence that God’s word is at work? One evidence is obedience. The person who accepts God’s word will try to live according to it. He will follow the example of godly people. In chapter 1, verse 6, Paul had already stated that the believers in Thessalonica had imitated both Paul and Christ. Here he says that they imitated God’s churches which were in Judea. Who are we imitating?

A second evidence that God’s word is at work is the willingness to suffer for the truth. The believers at Thessalonica were willing to imitate God’s churches even though it meant enduring persecution and suffering. When we accept God’s word; when we are in Christ, doing what is right becomes more important than comfort and safety. We become willing to sacrifice ourselves in order to serve Christ.

Paul writes that the persecutors of the church in Judea were Jews. Unfortunately, passages like this have sometimes been used to stir up hatred for the Jewish people. We must be very careful not to misinterpret what Paul is saying. Even if his intent was to label all Jews as persecutors, Christ taught His followers to love everyone and to pray for their enemies. Many hateful things have been done in the name of Christ, but all such actions are contrary to Christ’s teachings and the spirit of Christianity. In any case, it is obvious that Paul does not mean that all Jews are persecutors and enemies of the followers of Christ. God’s churches in Judea which he mentions, were comprised mostly of Jewish people. Similarly, the book of Acts records that some of the converts at Thessalonica were also Jews. It is apparent, then, that the Jews Paul is referring to are only those among them who rejected Christ. It is the unbelieving Jews, not the Jewish people as a whole, who displease God.

Paul calls the actions of the unbelieving Jews, sin. What specific sins did they commit? 1) They persecuted the churches. Several instances of this are recorded in the book of Acts. 2) They killed the Lord Jesus. Lest anyone use this as an excuse to mistreat Jewish people it is wise to keep in mind that the Jews do not bear the responsibility for killing Christ alone. All sinners, regardless of ethnic or political background, share the guilt. 1st Corinthians 15, verse 3, says, “…Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures.” 3) They killed the prophets. Paul cannot mean this literally because the prophets died had long before these people were born. But, they are guilty in the sense that they display the same attitude and behavior as those who did the actual killing. 4) They drove Paul and his companions out. 5) Their attempts to prevent the Apostles from doing what God had said displeased God. 6) They displayed hostility towards all people by preventing them from hearing the saving message of Christ’s gospel.

Sin always has consequences for the sinner. Paul writes that these people had heaped up their sins to the limit. God is very gracious, patient and loving. But we should never presume upon it. As Paul writes in another place, “…Shall we continue in sin, that grace may abound? May it never be!…” (Romans 6:1-2) The purpose of God’s grace is to bring us to repentance, not to allow us to sin even more. If we refuse to repent, the time will come when God will no longer extend grace. The result of reaching the limit is to experience God’s wrath. The language Paul uses does not necessarily refer to a calamity which has already befallen these sinners, but a process which has already begun which will end in calamity. Paul does not specify what the calamity is, but just a few years after this was written, the Romans totally destroyed the Jewish nation and their temple in Jerusalem. We, too, will suffer God’s wrath unless we repent of our sins.

The Proper Attitude and Behavior Toward Converts (1 Thessalonians 2:6b-12)

While proclaiming the gospel, Paul was very careful to display the utmost integrity so that no one could accuse him of wrong motives or taking advantage of those to whom he preached. More importantly, Paul was very careful to be faithful to the message. He was seeking God’s approval, not that of men. But what was his conduct towards those who responded to the gospel? How did he behave towards those who were converted to Christ as a result of his preaching? In his first inspired letter to the followers of Christ at Thessalonica, chapter 2, verses 6 through 12 he writes, “…we might have claimed authority as apostles of Christ. But we were gentle among you, like a nursing mother cherishes her own children. Even so, affectionately longing for you, we were well pleased to impart to you, not the Good News of God only, but also our own souls, because you had become very dear to us. For you remember, brothers, our labor and travail; for working night and day, that we might not burden any of you, we preached to you the Good News of God. You are witnesses with God, how holy, righteously, and blamelessly we behaved ourselves toward you who believe. As you know, we exhorted, comforted, and implored every one of you, as a father does his own children, to the end that you should walk worthily of God, who calls you into his own Kingdom and glory.”

When we work at a job or provide a service to someone, we expect to be paid for it. The same is true for religious leaders. In fact, this is a divine principle. Scripture says, “…the Lord ordained that those who proclaim the Good News should live from the Good News.” (1 Corinthians 9:14) In view of this, there can be no doubt that Paul had the right to receive compensation for preaching the gospel. He did not want, however, for anyone to get the wrong impression that the reason he preached was to get money, or that he considered what he was doing as merely a job rather than a ministry. In another place he writes, “…Nevertheless we did not use this right, but we bear all things, that we may cause no hindrance to the Good News of Christ.” (1 Corinthians 9:12) Though he had the right, he refused to be a burden to the followers of Christ at Thessalonica. Instead, he treated them like a mother caring for her children. Like a good mother, Paul was gentle, he was caring, he nurtured those to whom he ministered.

What is the basis for the care a mother lavishes on her children? It is her love for them. This was the kind of love which Paul had for those who followed Christ. It is easy to give material possessions. It is much harder to give of oneself. Paul not only gave the gospel without cost, he was also willing to give of his life. In this he was following the example of Christ who said, “…the Son of Man came not to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.” (Matthew 20:28)

A mother’s work is not easy. She works many long, hard, hours in order to meet the needs of her family. Paul writes that he worked night and day on behalf of the people to whom he proclaimed the gospel at Thessalonica. He did this so he would not be a burden to them.

Paul not only nurtured the followers of Christ at Thessalonica like a mother, but also taught them like a father. One of the characteristics of a good father and teacher is that he is someone to look up to. He is someone whose example the children wish to follow. What are the characteristics which Paul displayed? He writes that he was holy, righteous and blameless. These attributes are the attributes of Christ. In another place Paul writes, “Be imitators of me, even as I also am of Christ.” (1 Corinthians 11:1) This claim to be following Christ’s example was not an empty boast. This was not merely Paul’s own evaluation of his character. In stating what his character was, he appeals both to the personal experience of the people to whom he is writing and to God as well. Paul’s claim to a Christlike character could withstand the test of examination. When people look at us do they see Christ in us? If someone were to follow our example, would it lead them closer to Christ?

In teaching as a father, Paul gave each one of the converts personal attention. This means that he taught each one in a way which fit their individual needs and temperament. What was his method? He writes that he exhorted or encouraged, he comforted and he implored or urged. Notice that Paul did not threaten or scold. Some fathers try to intimidate or bully their children into doing what they want, but this was not Paul’s way. He recognized that force can compel a surface obedience but not from the heart. He could be strict, especially with those who were deliberately sinning or who were testing his authority, but he was always gentle and understanding with those who wanted to do what is right. Harshness towards those with willing hearts only breeds resentment and rebellion. What kind of fathers or teachers are we? Are we harsh? Do we intimidate? Or, are we gentle and understanding like Paul?

The goal of training is just as important as the method of teaching which is employed. The best instructors and the best teaching methods are useless if what is taught is of little value. What was the goal of Paul’s teaching? What did he hope to accomplish? It was that the converts would “ walk worthily of God” (NIV, “live lives worthy of God”). This is a good standard by which to judge all religious instruction. Is it something which the student can put into practice in his life to draw him closer to God? Will it make him more like Christ?

This raises a question. Why should we attempt to live worthy lives? It is because God calls us into his kingdom. Citizens of a country are expected to act and talk in ways which will bring honor to their country. In the same way, if we belong to God’s kingdom, the way we live our lives should exhibit and reflect the values and standards of His kingdom.

God not only calls us into His kingdom, He also calls us into glory. This is, perhaps, one of the most amazing things about God. Through Jesus Christ, He not only gives us the opportunity to be forgiven, but He also allows us to share in His own divine glory and nature. He calls, it us up to us to respond.

Principles of Proclaiming the Gospel (1 Thessalonians 2:1-6a)

The Apostle Paul was haunted by the fear that his efforts to preach the gospel in the city of Thessalonica would prove to be a failure. He had been forced to leave the city before he had the opportunity to ground those he had converted to Christ in the faith. It was not until he received an encouraging report from his fellow-worker Timothy, that he realized that his efforts had not failed. In his first inspired letter to the followers of Christ at Thessalonica he writes in chapter 2, verses 1 an 2, “For you yourselves know, brothers, our visit to you wasn’t in vain, but having suffered before and been shamefully treated, as you know, at Philippi, we grew bold in our God to tell you the Good News [that is, the gospel] of God in much conflict.”

This raises an interesting question: What is success, and what is failure? Was suffering and insult and being driven out of Philippi an indication of failure? Was being driven from Thessalonica after a very short time an indication of failure? From man’s point of view, Paul had failed. Paul, himself, feared that this was so. But one of the lessons we can learn from this is that success or failure is not determined by appearances, but by whether we have done God’s will. We need to learn to do what God asks of us and leave the results to Him. The key to success is doing God’s will and not depending on our own strength and abilities. Note that Paul says that he “grew bold” to tell them the gospel. It was because he was in God and working by His strength that Paul could be bold. Relying on our own strength results in defeat and discouragement.

Paul not only relied on God’s strength in proclaiming the gospel, he also followed some very important principles while doing so. In verses 3 through 6 he writes, “For our exhortation is not of error, nor of uncleanness, nor in deception. But even as we have been approved by God to be entrusted with the Good News [that is, the gospel], so we speak; not as pleasing men, but God, who tests our hearts. For neither were we at any time found using words of flattery, as you know, nor a cloak of covetousness (God is witness), nor seeking glory from men (neither from you nor from others)…”

Paul writes that the exhortation or appeal he made to the Thessalonians was not based on error. In other words, he was not misinformed but knew the facts about what he was saying. There are some who give the gospel a bad name because they don’t know what they are talking about. In another place Paul says about his own countrymen, “…For I testify about them that they have a zeal for God, but not according to knowledge.” (Romans 10:2) In contrast to this, Paul’s message was not based on ignorance but on true knowledge. Even more importantly, the gospel message itself is true and not error. Through the centuries, many have tried to disprove the gospel. This would be very easy to do if one could show that Jesus did not rise from the dead. But no one can do so because the facts are indisputable.

It is also essential that we not preach the gospel from ‘uncleanness,’ that is, impure motives. Paul did not have a hidden agenda. He did not preach for personal benefit, but for the benefit of those to whom he proclaimed the gospel.

The next principle which Paul mentions is that he did not use deception or trickery. Scripture says that, “…it is impossible for God to lie…” (Hebrews 6:18) yet some people have the idea that they can further God’s Kingdom by means of trickery and lies. God is never honored by something which is contrary to His very nature. In light of this, Paul was always careful to honestly tell people about the costs of following Christ as well as the benefits. Perhaps this is one reason why they were so willing to suffer for Christ.

Paul spoke as one “approved by God to be entrusted with the Good News.” What does it mean to be approved? According to Scripture this refers to someone who “correctly handles the word of truth.” (2 Timothy 2:15 NIV) In other words, a person who is approved, does not twist the Scriptures to make them say what he wants. He is careful to proclaim the message just as God has given it.

Paul writes that he was not trying to please men, but God. The reason is that it is not men, but God who tests our hearts and to whom we will have to give an account. The essence of the gospel message is that we are sinners and under the judgment of God. It is only through the death, burial and resurrection of Christ that we can be saved. These truths can hurt. If we are trying to please men, we might be tempted not to tell them the whole truth, or to change the gospel message. But if we are trying to please God, then we will proclaim the truth regardless of whether people find it pleasing or not.

Flattery was another thing which Paul renounced. We can be sure that the person who flatters does not have the best interests of the other person in mind. Scripture says, “A lying tongue hates those it hurts; and a flattering mouth works ruin.” (Proverbs 26:28)

In addition to rejecting flattery in order to proclaim the gospel, Paul also never used the gospel as a mask for greed. Money or wealth should never be the motivation for proclaiming the gospel. Instead, we should always try to follow the example of Jesus. Scripture says, “ For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that, though he was rich, yet for your sakes he became poor, that you through his poverty might become rich.” (2 Corinthians 8:9) We should always be willing to forgo material wealth in order to give others spiritual riches.

Another important principle which Paul followed in proclaiming the gospel was that he did not seek the praise of men. If someone wants the praise of people, he will tell them whatever they want to hear. If, however, he wants what is best for the people, he will tell them the truth even if it is unpopular. Each of us has to make a choice: who will we please? In another place Paul writes, “For am I now seeking the favor of men, or of God? Or am I striving to please men? For if I were still pleasing men, I wouldn’t be a servant of Christ.” (Galatians 1:10)